Tuesday 9 March 2010

Zulu Dawn: The FanEdit


























There are only two movies that cater to the Zulu War buff, Stanley Baker's 1964 movie ZULU and the prequel, Zulu Dawn made in 1979.


ZULU (1964) is an undisputed classic of the war movie genre. It is a movie with a difference because the Zulus are portrayed as brave and disciplined, more than a match for their British enemy. The famous musical score by John Barry confirms this respect for the Zulu by having the heroic theme play equally over opposing forces.


Zulu Dawn (1979) is a sprawling affair with considerably less focus on character. The Zulus have regressed to a more primitive and savage enemy. Their culture is hardly explored and the score by Elmer Bernstein establishes the Hollywood cliché generally reserved for the Red Indian.


Zulu Dawn could almost be labeled as Victorian propaganda. The featured British soldiers and officers all meet their fate with stoic heroism. An example of this fantasy is the sequence concerning the saving of the Queen's colours in the midst of spectacular chaos.


So Zulu Dawn has it faults and while it may satisfy some, it disappoints in a fruitless attempt to capture the glory of its predecessor.


So why a FanEdit of Zulu Dawn?


Certain moments in the film always irritate, from O'Toole inability to ride a horse to the use of Martini-Henry carbines by soldiers of the line. The progress of the battle is also incorrect. A missed opportunity was the omission of the most dramatic moment of the battle, the solar eclipse, where men found themselves fighting each other in chilling darkness.


These and many other reasons prompted a desire to create a FanEdit of Zulu Dawn.


Here is a preview trailer for Zulu Dawn: The FanEdit




























The poster above is a mash-up of the French 1964 Zoulou poster

Intentions/Changes

1. The 24th Regiment of Foot was armed with the powerful and deadly Martini-Henry rifle. In Zulu Dawn there seems to have been a problem finding practical rifles, so the British infantry are seen to use the carbine version, which is obviously shorter. Also badly made rifle mock-ups are often seen either broken or badly painted. This FanEdit attempts to limiting these obvious errors.


2. The progress of the battle itself is incorrect with the Zulus stopping their advance for no particular reason to stand in open country to bang their shields and be shot at. The momentum of the Zulu attack was only held at bay for a short time due to the hellish hail of bullets from the center British ranks. The Zulus took cover but continued their frontal assault as firing began to weaken. With a FanEdit it is hoped this can be corrected.


3. Remove the reference to the invasion of Zululand being "the final solution to the Zulu problem!" This a direct reference to the Wannsee Conference where Reinhard Heydrich put into action the "Final solution to the Jewish question" and bears no relation to the fate of the Zulu people.


4. Lose some references to foreknowledge. Often in war films characters seem to have foreknowledge of unseen events. This happens a few times in Zulu Dawn as is the case with the representative of the press (Ronald Lacey) who seems to know a lot more than he should.


5. Increase the intensity of the battle. Increase the impression that the Zulu army is huge as they often they appear underwhelming in the original.


6. Add a Solar eclipse towards the end of the battle.


7. Stay at Isandlwana once the battle begins without repeated trips to monitor Chelmsford's uneventful progress.


8. This leads to the portrayal of Lord Chelmsford by Peter O'Toole. The screenplay and O'Toole's performance make Chelmsford into an out and out villain. It is true that Chelmsford invaded Zululand without authorization from the British Government so for dramatic purposes his villainy is easy to construct but I would like to remove some of his more obvious villainous traits. This can be done by removing the odd line and most of his scenes after he leaves the camp at Isandlwana.


9. Elmer Bernstein is a great composer and conductor but his score for Zulu Dawn is frenetic and regressive. I would like to remove as much of it as possible. This means a lot of audio replacement as the DVD audio track is split mono, meaning the dialogue and music are heavily mixed together.


10. Adding some music by John Barry. NOT the famous theme from his Zulu score because it is so emblematic of the 1964 film but instead use music from his lesser known film scores and studio recordings such as The Beyondness of Things (1999), which is not a film score.


11. Sound Design: Whole sections need new sound design. Also some recordings of an authentic Martini-Henry Rifle firing in different locations have been made. The generic Hollywood western rifle sounds will be replaced with enhanced Martini-Henry rifle audio.


12. I would also like to experiment with re-colouring the film with the intention making the over-all colour of the movie less orange.


13. Although a Zulu dance was filmed for Zulu Dawn, it gets very short thrift during the opening credits before there is a cut to the slaughter of a cow. This has always been a major disappointment, so an important intention of this FanEdit is to create a new opening sequence that shows a Zulu marriage ceremony dance.

Friday 5 March 2010

Rough Cut Complete


























A rough cut of Zulu Dawn: The FanEdit is complete. I stress rough cut. Below is a list of the most significant changes. The battle itself has so many alterations that they are impossible to list.


The original runtime is 117 minutes. The FanEdit runtime is 100 minutes.

ZULU DAWN: The FanEdit - Cut & Addition List


Cut: Opening credit sequence

New: Opening credits and title

Cut: Score by Elmer Bernstein

New: Score by John Barry

New: Title Card

New: Zulu Dance

Cut: Line by Bartle Frere (Mills) "You'll see from the letter....this is our decision alone"

New: Brought forward scene of NNC messenger telling King Cetshwayo (Sabela) of the British ultimatum

Cut: Some shots from British army on parade

Cut: Dunford (Lancaster) to Lt. William Vereker (Ward) "Show him how an officer is expected to behave"

Cut: Durnford and the cricket ball

Cut: Lt. William Vereker meeting Fanny Colenso (Calder-Marshall)

Cut: Chelmsford (O'Toole), Bartle Frere and Crealock (Jayston) talking about Durnford

Cut: Fanny Colenso's line "Why can't men think of nothing but war"

Cut: Bartle Frere's final solution line

Cut: Durnford's line "does he wish me to fight the Zulus or observe their natural habitat"

Cut: Durnford's line "God go with you Mr Vereker"

New: Re-arranged scenes at British camp at night before invasion

New: Zulu Dawn sequence

New: Re-arranged British army crossing Buffalo river into Zululand

Cut: Scene between Q.S.M. Bloomfield (Vaughan) and Lt. Harford (Pickup) over dead NNC

New: Added Zulus watching the invasion

Cut: "Why do you come to the Land of The Zulu?"

Cut: Scene with Norris Newman (Lacey) after first blood is drawn "This one is a grandfather at least..."

New: SPX Matte of camp at Isandlwana, Dusk

New: Norris Newman (Lacey) questioning Col Crealock (Jayston) about "willingly splitting his force" has been moved to the morning before Chelmsford leaves camp at Isandlwana

New: Tightened the Zulus escape from British camp

Cut: Chelmsford about to have lunch and all following scenes with him once battle begins at Isandlwana

New: Various SPX shots to increase size of Zulu army

Cut: Shots that show the Zulu Impi as underwhelming

Cut: Colonel Pulleine (Elliott) asking for guns to cover "Durnford for a fallback"

Cut: Lt. William Vereker asking the artillery to cover Durnford

New: Lt. William Vereker rides to Durnford’s position and is witness to the confusion

Cut: Colonel Pulleine asking Melvill to save the colours

Cut: Durnford asking a NNC to ride to Natal "when you see the Bishop tell him...tell his daughter, I was obliged to remain here with my infantry"

New: Added shots of Martini Henry rifles to reduce obvious use of the carbines by the 24th Foot

New: Solar Eclipse during closing stages of the battle

Cut: Lt. William Vereker shooting at the Queen’s Colours

New: Matte of Isandlwana after the battle, Night

Cut: Out-of-context quotation from Disraeli. The quote refers to the death of the Prince Imperial

New: Narrartion

New: End title card

New: Added credits






Thursday 4 March 2010

Newly Created SPX Shots











Newly created Matte of Isandlwana mountain with moving elements










The Zulu Impi has been increased










A flaming and smoking rocket trail has been added










The rocket explodes prematurely










Colonel Pulleine's (Denholm Elliott) POV of the Zulus attacking Durnford on the right flank. The Zulus have been increased










Durnford retreats in the face of the oncoming Zulu hoards. The Zulus now fill the width of the frame










Zulus charge at Durnford. Their numbers have been increased










Lt. William Vereker is witness to the confusion of Durnford's troop. Re-use of a shot but altered with figures removed and mountain landscape placed in the background










Another Colonel Pulleine POV of the Zulus attacking Durnford on the right flank. The Zulus have been increased










The Solar Eclipse towards the end of the battle.










New Matte of Isandlwana mountain after the battle. Moving elements include flares and fires.

Wednesday 3 March 2010

Sound Design

The beginning of the FanEdit is totally different to the original with a new opening title sequence. These new opening credits have hints of Zulu (1964) and music by John Barry plays over them.










Music has been removed from the scene with Lord Chelmsford (O'Toole) and Sir Henry Bartle Frere (Mills) planning the destruction of Zululand and totally new sound design has been created to fill the space. The scene is now free of "micky-mouse" music. The term "micky-mouse" when used in terms of film music, means that the score copies the action almost literally. One poorly dubbed line by John Mills has also been removed. As a result of these changes, the scene has a slower pace and colder feel.

The music before the invasion is mainly "regimental band" music. This has been altered as scenes are in a different order. Work has been done to make the sound blend seamlessly with the re-ordered of scenes.










The invasion of Zululand has had all the sound removed and replaced with newly created sound design and John Barry score. This is a long and major sequence. The work involved was extensive. New sounds include; horses, wagons, whips, cows, water, rope, splashes, Zulu chants, footsteps, creaking wood and mud etc










Again, all the sound has been removed as the British troops advance into Zululand and encounter their first Zulus. Here new sound design and John Barry score accompany the sequence. Newly designed Martini-Henry rifle audio has replaced the generic Hollywood rifle sounds.










As the 17th Lancers attack an aging Zulu, killing him with a lance, the music has been removed and new sound design created. With the removal of the original "micky-mouse" score, the scene becomes more graphic and brutal. With the removal of the Reporter's disapproving comment on the kill and cutting directly to Lord Chelmsford and his line "Well, first blood to us gentlemen!", the scene carries a greater punch.

The march onto Isandlwana, again has had all sound removed, new sound design and John Barry score added. Some re-dubbing was done, as all dialogue is unusable because it is swamped in Elmer Bernstein score.









The Boer discovering the Zulu army on the move, has had new sound design and a music cue by John Barry added. South African ambience, insects flying about and the mule breaths and snorts have been added. As the Boer escapes to Lt. Vereker (Ward), new sound design and original Zulu percussive music has been added.

In some scenes it has been impossible to remove the Elmer Bernstein score. There are three short instances where the original music remains.










The dialogue in the "Stand-To" scene is swamped by music, so it has been impossible to remove it and keep the original dialogue. It is of course possible to re-dub the scene in entirety but this is noticeable when used for a prolonged time and should be kept to a minimum. The scene now begins without music but it comes in as "Stand-To" is called.











Newman (Ronald Lacey) questioning Col Crealock (Michael Jayston) about "willingly splitting his force" has been moved to the morning before Chelmsford leaves Isandlwana camp. The lighting of the scene has been changed as it is just after dawn. Also the dialogue has been altered and bugle calls signal Rouse/Reveille.










Lord Chelmsford leaves Isandlwana and the cheesy suspense music has been removed. Some shots have been repositioned and Lt. Vereker's look of impending doom or foreknowledge has been removed.










As a Zulu watches the British troops leave Isandlwana, the "bongo" or "Western Red Indian" music has been removed and replaced with amplified natural sound. Some music cues by John Barry have been added.











Colonel Pulleine asks Melvill to "ride to Stuart-Smith and ask to bring his artillery about". This sequence has some Bernstein score, which unfortunately cannot be removed completely but it has been shortened and "Micky-Mouse" elements removed.










The scene where the captured Zulus escape has had the original music removed and all-new sound-design created. Score by John Barry has been added. The scene has been tightened and shots repositioned.











When Lt. Vereker and his men chase some Zulu herd boys, the original sound has been totally removed and replaced with new sound design. This was done because of the over-use of generic Hollywood gunfire sounds during the scene. Gunfire is heard but it is clear no-one is firing. This allows for the replacement of gunfire sounds with ones created especially for this FanEdit.










As Lt. Vereker rides to see a hugh Zulu army before him, the Elmer Bernstein score has been removed. New sound design and score by John Barry have been added.










As Colonel Pulleine gives the order for the bugler to sound the "alarm", a short music cue by Elmer Bernstein remains.










When the Zulu army is first seen charging towards the British ranks, the Bernstein score has been removed and new sound-design added. Without any score this sequence suddenly becomes more powerful. The sound of the Zulu army attacking in their thousands is impressive enough and the sound was said to resemble a "swam of angry bees", so I have tried to enhance this idea.










As Durnford stumbles into the attacking Zulus, the original music has been removed and replaced with new sound design. The original sound tries to surprise the audience with a big reveal of the attacking Zulus. Now the Zulus call out orders and move forward to attack Durnford.










As the rocket battery is attacked and killed, the original music has been removed and totally new sound-design added.

Almost all of the battle has entirely new sound design. This was mainly due to the fact that Bernstien's frenetic music plays throughout the original mono track. This allowed for some real creative freedom with the construction of the new sound design.


All gunfire sounds are entirely new and based on real recordings of a Martini-Henry rifle firing in different locations. Other new audio sounds include, explosions, horses, screams, fire, voices, rockets, ambience etc


Once the battle begins, the musical score is largely absent and plays little part to manipulate the emotions of the audience. This is brutal fighting and the amplified natural sound highlights the relentless and violent action.











A survivor of the battle commented on the noise made by the huge Zulu army as "a swarm of angry bees". With this in mind I have tried to enhance this idea with layer upon layer of sounds to create an ominous buzzing.











A Zulu warrior prepares for a kill. Behind him can be seen the beginning of the solar eclipse.










The first musical cue of the battle highlights Colonel Pulleine's shock at losing his command in such a spectacular manner.











Durnford's last moments. His pistol now has the correct sound.










Lord Chelmsford visits the battlefield. New sound design has been added including the excited call of a distant hyena.